Rent and real estate conditions are fascinating subjects for maps. While they may be the maps that haunt us when in moving-in/out mode, they are likewise the ones that help us mostly clearly comprehend the human, economic, and social landscape of our surroundings.
Read on to continue in our series on Map of the Week posts related to “making rent”, this installment—Montréal.
Historically, the affect of human migration patterns has dramatically changed the topography of our world, and this helps explain some of our obsession with the patterns of human mobility in metropolitan areas. Presently, the obsession continues, with more factors complicating how we deal with dual changes in pricing, stability, and our concept of community. Certain months of the year define the cultural patterns of human movement in most cities: the beginning of September marks a return to school, and likewise some rental flux in New York, the end of August marks an exodus from San Francisco for those planning a pilgrimage to Burning Man.
This Map of the Week chronicles a map project built to track the July migrations in Montréal; for this we welcome our Ambassador Florent Daudens, journalist at Radio Canada, to discuss this project and the peculiar conditionals of its genesis (with translations en anglais, and en françaiségalement).
Migration Data in Montréal
Montreal has a curious tradition: many people move on July 1. Which causes an intense hunting for flats in the previous months.
Two journalists from Radio-Canada, Pasquale Julien Harrison-Julien (@pasqualehj) and (myself) Florent Daudens (@fdaudens), wanted to know how much the average rent is in the city, and the suburbs.
We created two maps. The first one displays the average rent prices in 35 areas of the city and its suburbs, by number of rooms, according to their sample. The second one compares these data with the ones of the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), the government agency that oversees the market. It shows neighbourhoods where new rents are higher than the average, suggesting that this is where gentrification occurs.
We first searched the CMHC data. The catch: this data establishes an overall picture, both for tenants who retain the same lease for 20 years, as those who wish to rent today. They do not tell us how much the rent is for those seeking an apartment today.
To arrive at the final result, we had to follow several steps :
- Scrapping classified ads on Kijiji for two weeks
- Geocoding and cleaning in OpenRefine
- Summarizing data in spreadsheets
- Distributing the points in polygons by zones and creation of the SHP in QGIS
In the end, we mapped 10,000 ads in 35 zones.
Adventures in Multilingual Mobile Map Projects
With these data, we could begin our interviews. Comparing and validating data, getting different perspectives and going beyond only a visualization to a data journalism that provides context and helps to decrypt the situation.
Where is
my flat?
Then we turned to CartoDB because we had several requirements:
- Visualize our database with maps in English and French (Oh yeeah, Canada is a bilingual country)
- Display an overview of all areas, but also allow each user to zoom in on his neighbourhood
- Filter by number of rooms
- Provide a stable mobile view
Polygons were included in our SHP files and CartoDB’s import wizard recognized them easily.
So we started to style our two maps in French in CartoDB’s GUI to generate chloropleth maps. Then, we adjusted the color slices to produces uniforms brackets for all types of apartments and thus keep the same color scale between all number of rooms.
In addition, to zoom in on a specific area, we wanted to allow the user to filter by number of rooms, so that s/he can fully compare with his/her own situation. Therefore, we used cartodb.js with createLayer method, to be able to filter
with SQL.
To set the style of each filter, we copied the CSS generated by the CartoDB wizard and simply changed the ID of the column for each apartment type.
For example:
#database_name[1bedroom<=800]{polygon-fill:#fee0d2;}#database_name[1bedroom<=600]{polygon-fill:#fff5f0;}#database_name[2bedrooms<=800]{polygon-fill:#fee0d2;}#database_name[2bedrooms<=600]{polygon-fill:#fff5f0;}As for the tooltip on each area, we set it up with the CartoDB’s GUI after several unsuccessful attempts in the code editor. This seems simpler with createVis than with createLayer.
Once our code was ready for the first map, we just had to make a few modifications for the second one which displays the gap between our data and those from the CHMC. With our code finally structured, it was easy to create the English version. We only had to translate the text in the tooltips.
ENGLISH
FRENCH
Reflections on a Rental Realities
The final results were published in our article on CBC.ca accompanied by a french version of the same article.
ENGLISH
FRENCH
Looking back, we see some opportunities for improvement. We would have liked to style the map background, and also to limit the levels of minimum and maximum zoom, as well as the perimeter of the map to guide the user.
That said, we were able to configure our maps to be closest as possible to the reality of our readers. Tens of thousands of them have felt challenged by the subject and read the article. Moreover, we also showed our maps on our TV channel, and thus make a complex subject accessible thanks to its visual dimension. We even managed to speak about it on our radio channel!
Multi-media maps at their finest, we hope you enjoyed! You can reach out to Florent via Twitter to learn more about his maps, or check out his public profile on CartoDB.
Meantime, happy data mapping!